It works upon the theory of super plasticity, which means that capability that some materials have. To enhance the material performance, a high energy rate forming technique is of great importance to industry, which relies on a long and trouble free forming process. Numerical study of electrohydraulic forming using sheet aluminium alloys mina woo1, hakgon noh1, hyeonggyu park1, hongkyo kim1 and jeong kim1,a 1department of aerospace engineering, pusan national university, republic of korea abstract. Electrohydraulic forming ehf is a highrate forming process based upon the highvoltage discharge of capacitors between two. Forward request to nossa though ico using websar, the nossa online application for explosives sars. Process safety management for explosives and pyrotechnics. However, it has been shown that high pressure alone is. Process economy the capital cost of an explosive forming facility are reported as being less than that of a conventional facility of equal capability by a factor ranging from 10. Numerical study of electrohydraulic forming using sheet. The peak pressure, p, due to explosion, generated in water, is given by expression p kw12ra where p is in psi. Little or no material is removed during the forming process. High energy rate forming herf processes introduction. High energy rate forming high energy rate forming is the forming of sheet metal by a high energy surge, delivered over a very short time. Electrohydraulic forming of near net shape automotive panels.
A process variant of electromagnetic sheet forming, known as radial lorentz force augmented deep drawing, has been recently developed to promote the material flow control in highvelocity forming. Comparison explosive forming in explosive forming an explosive charge is. Websar will automatically route and complete the nossa part ii, nossa form 8020. Sheet metal forming processes and equipment machinemfg.
Explosive forming definition of explosive forming by the. The characteristics of this process are similar to those of explosive forming. Thermal deburring tem thermal energy method explosive deburring overview of the process, its limitations and effects. The explosive metal forming process this technique uses the energy generated by an explosive detonation to form the metal work piece. Introduction to explosives for official use only c4. Department of the navy explosives safety site approval. Q2 a describe with figures the process of electro hydraulic forming b discuss advantages and limitations of explosive. Thermal deburring tem thermal energy method explosive.
Explosive forming is a process in which forces produced by an explosion are used to shape a workpiece. When completed, this form is considered personal in nature and should be protected by a for official use only cover sheet. Mar 25, 20 super plastic forming and explosive forming 1. Alternative explosion formed joint of highstrength tube and sleeve. Various techniques explosive forming operations can be divided into two groups, depending on the position of the explosive charge relative to the work piece. You must there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one thats only in the merriamwebster unabridged dictionary. It is typically used in cases where the metal is too large or thick for a traditional press or punch method to be cost effective. An investigation into the creep forming process was performed at the eads crc germany in order to find a forming solution. You may not receive a firearm if prohibited by federal or state law. Brief introduction to electromagnetic forming emf is a comparably new and attractive technology, which is especially promising for joining welding, forming and cutting of tubular or sheet metal components.
It is the wish of each powder metallurgist to posses presses with great capacities developing high pressures. Explosive forming has been used in past in rocket and aviation technology for forming sizable structural parts, in rail transport and many other branches of human activity. Explosive forming can be used for forming parts on the scale of a few inches to up to 15 feetthe main limitations are the initiation of uniform detonation and the size of the holding tank. Handbook on the management of ordnance and explosives at. The application of explosive welding has unique advantages in joining metals that would frequently be incompatible, such as titanium or zirconium and steel. The information you provide will be used to determine whether you are prohibited from. Gathering information to design a 28 conceptual site model and establishing sampling and analysis objectives. It can be used on materials for which a press setup would be prohibitively large or require an unreasonably high pressure, and is generally much cheaper than building a large enough and sufficiently highpressure press.
Applications and capabilities of explosive forming. Specific storage and testing guidelines for peroxide forming chemicals 4. Or the shaping or modifying of metals by means of explosions. Explosive forming is best described as a these shortrun applications are the short lead process in which metal parts are formed by the times required and minimum expenditures for high pressures resulting from the detonation of tooling. Da pam 38564 ammunition and explosives safety standards. However, we cannot find any examples of work pieces making the best use of the merit in literatures until now. Explosive forming process pdf explosive material metals. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. Army garrisons or installations 810, page 64 subdivision of explosives quantities 811, page 65 interpolation and extrapolation 812, page 65 measuring distance 8, page 65 ammunition and explosives risk 814, page 66 blast considerations 815, page 66. The explosive energy replaces the male part of the tool that is used in regular forming processes. Pdf results are presented of the development of explosive forming technology for metal sheets and plates.
Explosion welding is also a solid state welding process in which the welding occurs without application of external. Explosive forming process pdf free download as pdf file. Because of this flexibility, explosive forming has historically been employed in the aerospace industry for prototyping of complex parts. Explosive forming a method of forming metals, mainly sheet metals, in which pressure is created by the force of the blast of a high explosive, powder, or gaseous mixture through a transmitting medium. Explosive forming is a metalworking technique in which an explosive charge is used instead of a punch or press.
Explosive forming free download as powerpoint presentation. This process can deliver a great deal of flexibility in the metal forming process. Explosive manufacturers specify the storage properties or shelf life of their products, based on normal magazine conditions ici 1997. Brief introduction to electromagnetic forming cornet. A sudden electrical discharge in the form of sparks is produced between electrodes and this discharge produces a shock wave in the water medium. On the other hand, labour costs per part can be appreciably higher for explosive forming. If it didnt come off in the explosion it wont come off in service is the accepted guarantee of this repeatable. Explosive hydroforming, also known as herf high energy rate forming or exploform, is a striking alternative to the more traditional process of metal hydroforming.
Tm technologies faqs explosive forming sheet metal. Electromagnetic forming em forming or magneforming is a type of high velocity, cold forming process for electrically conductive metals, most commonly copper and aluminium. Explosive forming operations can be divided into two groups, depending on the position of the explosive charge relative to the workpiece. Many difficult to form materials like titanium and tungsten alloys, can be deformed under high strain rates. Explosive forming is a type of metalworking that can be used to shape very large workpieces. Generic safe work procedures are discouraged as they may tend to overlook specific circumstances such as location, weather, knowledge and experience required, time of day, other equipment involved, etc. Security screening and evaluation record for use of this form, see ar 19011. Because of this flexibility, explosive forming has historically been employed in the aerospace industry for prototyping of. Basinless explosive forming is a promising process.
The sheet metals used in this work are 1 mm thick 5182o al and dp600 steel. Q1 a discuss the development of non conventional machining processes. The cutouts in the end walls make it possible to use a reinforced chamber at two or more work stations, thereby saving shop space. Explosive forming for a good recent overview, the reader is referred to 1 is therefore explored to assess the potential of this essentially cold forming process, based on the idea that all. Oct 25, 2016 advantages o it can simulate a variety of other conventional metal forming techniques such as stamp or pressforming and spinforming in a single operation. Bureau of alcohol, tobacco, firearms and explosives.
Speed forming electromagnetic, electrohydraulic, and. Advanced welding processes details of electron beam welding ebw laser beam welding lbw ultrasonic welding usw 6 4. The workpiece is reshaped by high intensity pulsed magnetic fields that induce a current in the workpiece and a corresponding repulsive magnetic field, rapidly repelling portions of the workpiece. Process the rapid change in explosive in to gas produce a shock wave. Atf form 4473 firearms transaction record revisions. The revised form is available to either download or order online. The study recommended explosive forming as the preferred process for vacuum vessel forming. Explosive forming definition and meaning collins english. Explosive forming is old, probably back in the 1940s it was really refined. Creep forming of almgsc alloys for aeronautic and space. Cole and 2002 bali nightclub bombings recommended in alqaedas traditional curriculum of explosives training. Leader of the department of the navy don explosives safety site approval esa process improvement integrated product team ipt.
Chapter i properties of explosives an explosive is a material. Factors to be considered while selecting an herf process. A punch in conventional forming is replaced by an explosive charge. Schematic illustration of the explosive forming process. Improved lubrication if lubricating film is maintained. Advanced metal forming processes details of high energy rate forming herf process electromagnetic forming, explosive forming electrohydraulic forming stretch forming 4. The experiment is most convincing if a train of commercial black powder leads into a train of this laboratory powder, and the black powder is ignited by means of a piece of black match leading from the end of the train and. This presentation will focus on the different uses and methods of explosive forming in the aerospace as well as automotive industry. A discussion of development of scaling laws and their application in explosive forming. Inexplosive definition of inexplosive by merriamwebster. These explosive forming experiments were conducted using free forming techniques. These clad materials are commonly used today in chemical process vessel construc tion.
The underwater process relied on a mold for the part over which was placed a plate of the metal alloy to be used. Detonating a charge above the plate rapidly forces the metal into the desired shape. Intuitively, it may be assumed that the great pressures produced by various types of explosives used in bonding and forming processes could bring the metal plates together so forcefully that welding would naturally occur. A vacuum vessel forming study was recently completed by aleksandr georgiyevskiy and a team of engineers and scientists from the national aerospace university in kharkov, ukraine khai and the kharkov institute for physics and technology kipt. Dynamite undergoes a normal aging process which rarely affects the energy output but can affect the appearance and sensitivity. Q2 a describe with figures the process of electro hydraulic forming b discuss advantages and limitations of explosive forming. This paper discusses the experiences, techniques, and findings applicable to explosive forming undertaken at martindenver. A method of explosive forming process for making a palm. Introduction super plastic forming is a metalworking process for forming sheet metal. The resulting mixture, made into a train, burns fairly rapidly but by no means in a single flash.
Standoff method in this method, the explosive charge is located at some predetermined distance from the workpiece and the energy is transmitted through an intervening medium like air, oil, or water. Huge capacitors are charged up for days, then the charge released into a column of water, which divides into h2, exploding, and o2, which supports the combustion. The temperature of work is increases due to adiabatic heating. The pressure of this shock wave is sufficient to form metal sheet. Special forming process sheet metal explosive material. The workpiece is completely or partially subjected to plastic deformation during the forming operation. The forming processes are affected by the rates of strain used. Today we will learn about explosion welding principle, working, types, application, advantages and disadvantages with its diagram. Explosive forming process high energy rate forming. Unlike this older method, which shapes metal using pressurized hydraulic fluid pumped into a forming chamber, herf techniques utilize an explosive charge to create the necessary pressure. Distributed quarterly to all members of the institute of explosives engineers. The metallurgical properties of almgsc alloys mean that it is possible to form components at higher temperatures than those commonly used for age creep forming of 2xxx, 6xxx and 7xxx components.